- Audience: people with the same ideas, concepts, and biases of the time. Reinforcing beliefs.
- The Gap: since some people may be swayed by the ideas that race amalgamation is needed/beneficial for the betterment of society or worried of that case, Hoffman is attempting to remove such worries or rebut this idea. (Whether race amalgamation is a benefit to society or will cause a deterioration of it)
- Claim: race amalgamation leads to the degradation and destruction of civilization.
- Reasons: that the offspring of racial mixing are inferior morally, physically, and intellectually.
- Evidence [all of the following]: the testimony of experts; summary/paraphrasing/direct quotation of reputable source that studies the issue at hand; the presentation of data from an empirical study; anecdotal (not systematic or rigorously recorded) observations that backs a reason you (as the analyst) have called out.
- Warrant: naturalist beliefs, white supremacist, possible eugenicist, racial purist, belief of being a “3rd party” and unbiased like other Americans.
- Counterarguments: that racial mixing is necessary or beneficial to reach the ideal society.
- Rebuttal: anecdotes of high achieveing mixed individuals only achieved since they were in environments of underperforming individuals.