- behavioral norms, social and economic differences between groups are a result of inherited, inborn distinctions. Therefore, society is an accurate reflection of biology.
- Craniometry and certain styles of psychological testing.
- Objective knowledge
- Groups in power
- Both an enormous cost footer individuals psychologically and for society economically
- Reification and ranking
- Abstraction of intelligence as a single entity, the quantification of intelligence, and the use of this quantification to rank individuals to find that disadvantaged groups are innately inferior.
- Influential and that scientists believed they were pursuing unsullied truth.
- It uses the current status of groups to limit an individual’s reach.